Dissecting animals has been a component of thousands of science and biology classes over the years. It’s been a way to study anatomy, internal organs, and other biological components through a hands-on observational approach. It is also a way to make students feel very uncomfortable because their forced to cut into a carcass that may have been specifically killed for study. There may be some advantages to this educational approach, but there are some disadvantages that must be weighed as well.
- A frog dissection is often one of the first labs a biology student has to do. It's a great way to learn about anatomy, physiology, and how amphibians work in general. You can purchase frog dissection kits for the home through companies like Home Training Tools. Kits typically come with the frog, a tray, pins, a scalpel and forceps or tweezers.
- This complete dissection kit has everything you will need to dissect a frog! This complete kit comes with an extra-large preserved grass frog with all the dissection tools you will need: scalpel, scissors, forceps, 10 pins, curved and straight teasing needles, illustrated dissection guide, and a disposable dissecting tray.
- Student Guide to the Frog Dissection Dissection Instructions 1. Place the frog in the dissecting pan ventral side up. Use scissors to lift the abdominal muscles away from the body cavity. Cut along the midline of the body to the forelimbs. Make transverse (horizontal) cuts near the arms and legs.
- This frog dissection page describes how to dissect a frog and lists organs for students to find and check as the perform the dissection. It covers digestive system and urogenital system and contains several pictures for students to label. Student Guide to the Frog Dissection.
Biology Junction – Frog Dissection. Computer-Enhanced Science Education: The Whole Frog Project. FrogCards E-Book Virtual Frog Dissection Kit.
Here is a look at some of the key points about student animal dissection.
What Are the Pros of Animal Dissection in Schools?
1. It doesn’t have to require an animal for studying any more.
Thanks to modern technology, there are virtual dissections that are available to students. This allows them to study the components of the body in a hands-on way, but through a method that doesn’t kill an animal. They also get to use technology to assist with the studying process, a definite plus for the younger generations. More than a dozen states in the US have laws on the books that protect students’ rights to request virtual alternatives if they don’t want the hands-on approach.
2. Real dissections provide a sensory factor that visual study cannot provide.
Part of the human experience is that most people remember things they can touch or practice doing more than they remember information that they studied. By dissecting an animal in person and touching it, the tactile experiences can provide an overall better learning experience that may help them in future classes if biology or medical sciences will be studied.
3. Regular inspections of biological suppliers happen.
The USDA is required to inspect all biological supply companies. This generates inspection reports that document how animals are being cared for during their presence on site. Sanitation issues, cage construction, and other care issues are addressed by these inspections. Although this doesn’t cover collection methods or how the animals may be killed in order to be provided for dissection, at least it is a regular and expected method of oversight that occurs in the US.
4. Many students don’t complain about animal dissection.
Most students are aware of dissection requirements in school and have no open complaint about the process. Although that’s no guarantee of acceptance, it does indicate that there is an awareness and acceptance of the issue. Many teachers have adopted a debate-style method of conversation before dissection occurs to gauge how students are feeling and if they should proceed with the educational experience.
5. It could be a way to control shelter populations.
There are more than 70 million homeless animals in the United States alone. Some of these are lost companion animals, but a majority of them are either abandoned or never had a home. Instead of being a public taxpayer cost through shelter support, these animals can be sold to provide needed income while also being an educational opportunity. Although ethically challenging, it would be a way to approach the needs of the 10% of medical schools who use animals in their curriculum.
What Are the Cons of Animal Dissection in Schools?
1. It may encourage students to abuse animals.
The simple act of cutting into a dead animal creates a certain resilience within students where they may become comfortable doing the same thing to live animals. It may also cause them to care less about animals, encouraging neglect, abuse, or other forms of cruelty. Many students wind up internalizing their concerns about dissection so they don’t get in trouble with teachers or parents and the only safe place to release this aggression tends to be on other animals.
2. It may stop students from pursuing science any further.
For those students who are uncomfortable and potentially traumatized by the act of dissection, it is possible that animal dissection in schools could stop students from pursuing a science career so they can avoid encountering such a possibility ever again. All life sciences are affected by this. Dissection may be necessary for veterinarian sciences, but exposure at an early age to the process of it may be more harmful to career development than good.
3. We’re talking about millions of animals.
If just frog dissection is being considered, there are approximately 6 million animals that are provided to students for study every year in the United States alone. Now add in the rats, mice, and other animals that are also provided for dissection and the total number of animals studied annually can reach 8 figures. This puts a premium price on animal life that some people are just not comfortable placing. Many students report that after they cut the animal up, they don’t remember learning anything about it anyway. They just remember that they were forced to cut up an animal.
4. It may desensitize students from the concepts of animal testing.
There are animals that are specifically born and bred for experimentation. Only 5% of animals that are used for experiments of any kind are protected by the Animal Welfare Act that Congress passed. Although testing and dissection is often about frogs and mice, there were more than 6,000 dogs used for testing, nearly 7,500 chimpanzees, and even 2,700 cats. For those who have to process these animals, it is not uncommon for a severe hatred of them to develop simply because they are exposed to so much death.
5. There are few foreign control measures in place to determine how the animals were obtained.
In a 1994 Mexican raid on a chicken farm, more than 1,000 cats had been found killed in a barn on the premises. Their throats had been slit, leaving blood all over the place. A bounty from the company gave people $1 per cat that was given to them. All of the cats were destined for dissection in classrooms in the United States. Since there are no real control measures in place and little oversight, there is no way to determine how the animal was obtained and killed so that it could be studied. Dealers only need to be inspected once per year.
The pros and cons of animal dissection in schools show that this sensitive subject should be addressed on a personal level. Far more harm than good tends to happen, so those students who are uncomfortable with the process should be identified and removed from the requirement. Dissection is often seen as a cheap and cruel way to treat an animal. With virtual teaching methods available just a click or two away on the internet, there are always options that do not involve cutting open a dead animal for the sole purpose of education.
Summary
Frog Dissection Miss E. Mac's Classics
Dissecting a frog, we will learn about the digetive, respitory, circulatory, and nerve systems. Their functions and the organs needed for these functions. Create a Flow chart listing human digestive systems with that of a frog. If you don't want to perform the procedure of dissection, there are websites available that show everything.
Materials
Safety goggles, Gloves, Lab apron, forceps, preserved frog, dissecting tray and paper towels, dissecting ins (6-10 each group) plastic storage bag and twist tie, marking pen, dissecting needle. Computer with Word.
Background for Teachers
The knowledge on the dgestive, respitory, circulatory, and nerve systems. Research a little on how to dissect a frog. How to make diagrams in Word. Be able to make comparisons between the systems of the frog and humans.
Student Prior Knowledge
Students need to realize that there are many organs in the body that perform many functions. It is important to take care of them.
Intended Learning Outcomes
From this lesson, students should be able to distinguish the different organs needed for the body to function.
Instructional Procedures
Attachments
- Frog_Anatomy_and_Functions.doc
- Procedure_for_Dissection.doc
Websites
- #1.
- #2.
- #3.
- #4.
- #5.
- #6.
- #7.
After discussing the different systems and their functions (attachment). The next day, prepare the class with frogs and the proper materials for dissection. During the dissection, draw what you see (the best you can). Follow the procedure for dissection (attachment). Take the picture home and label it. If you don't want to actually dissect a frog there are websites that provide the appropriate pictures and explanations along the way. For homework or if there's time during class, have the class make a Flow chart showing the similarities and differences between the frog and human digestive systems, in Microsoft Word. Once Word is open, click on Insert, diagram, the box chart with others hanging, this is what you want. Make it as large as you think it should be.
Strategies for Diverse Learners
Students are able to work together during the dissection and will learn with hands on experience, the different systems.
Extensions
Attachments
- FlowChart.doc
- frogdissectgb1.gif
- frogdissectintest1.gif
- frogdissectspleen1.gif
- frogdissectstomach1.gif
- frogdissectub1.gif
- Justification.doc
Assessment Plan
Attachments
- body1.bmp
Test Picture - body2.jpg
Test Answers
Bibliography
www.aa.psu.edu/div/mns/biology/Frog/setup.htm; http://step.sdsc.edu/rojects95/Frog.Dissection/index.html
Frog Dissection Miss E. Mac's Class Of